![]() In outdoor swimming pools exposure is lower, because the wind ventilates the air above the water.Įxposure to chloroform can be measured in blood plasma of swimmers. Swimming is one of the main sources of non-professional exposure to chloroform (over 70% percent after one hour of swimming). The suggested health standard for chloroform 100 mg/m 3, this concentration is found in indoor swimming pools. Chloroform concentrations are highest just above the water. Chloroform concentrations in swimming pools vary a lot. Some part escapes from water and swimmers are exposed through inhalation. Additionally other trihalomethanes, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, trichloroethene, bromodichloromethane and other chlorobromo hydrogen carbons can be found.Ĭhloroform and similar substances are volatile. Trihalomethane concentration depends upon total organic carbon, the number of swimmers and the water temperature.Ĭhloroform is the most important reaction product. Some disinfection byproducts, such as trihalomethane chloroform, are suspected carcinogenic. The combined active chlorine concentration in swimming pools should be below 1 mg/l. Other chlorinated organic subtances are suspected to irritate as well, particularly chlorinated ammonia, kreatinine and urine acid. These substances reach the eyes through water and through the air above the pool. Both di- and trichloramines irritate eyes. At normal pH levels in swimming pools, monochloramine is produced predominantly. There is no relation between chloramine formation and ureum concentration. The typical 'chlorine smell' in swimming pools arises at ureum levels of 0,5 mg/L and free active chlorine concentrations of 1,0 mg/L. The formation of di- and trichloramines increases when the free active chlorine concentration is increased and the pH value is lowered. Like chloroform, chloramines cause the well known 'chlorine smell' in swimming pools. Chloramines are volatile substances that partly escape from water as gas. The irritating effects of combined active chlorine are often ascribed to chloramines (NH 2Cl, NHCl 2, NCl 3). Combined active chlorine is a complex mixture of partly unknown substances, such as chlorine ureum combinations, chloramines and chlorine kreatines. These pollutions are made of swimmers excretion products. Through the formation of combined active chlorine, free active chlorine can cause irritation.Ĭombined active chlorine is the generic term for reaction products produced by free active chlorine with organic and inorganic nitrogen pollutions. These concentrations are far below the level that irritates respirational tracts. The air above the pool contains chlorine gas concentrations between 0,01 and 0,1 mg/m 3. Dissolved chlorine and chlorine substances dehydrate hair and skin. These only occur above concentrations of 20 mg/L. Free active chlorine hardly ever causes eye irritations. ![]() Swimming pool water has a high pH value and the amount of dissolved chlorine gas as free active chlorine is negligible. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite (OCl -) are the main components of free active chlorine. When one applies chlorine, chlorine gas will evaporate. Carbon dioxide is released into the water, causing the pH value to decrease. When water is mobile, it comes in contact with a sufficient amount of of air. ![]() Water that has a high pH value increases susceptivity to these kind of ailments. Too much chlorine can cause eczema and rashes. Health effects of swimming pool disinfectionĭisinfectants that are used for swimming pool disinfection water can affect human health. Separation and Concentration Purification Request.Plant Inspection & Process Optimalisation.
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